Sunday, November 25, 2012

Short sketch #5: Possession and ergative syntax (again)

I have recently described something along the lines of a split-dechticaetiative system, and split-ergative should be familiar to pretty much every conlanger by now, I guess. How about split-possessive systems?

Some languages, such as English, mark possession on the owner, others mark it on the possessum, some mark it on both, some don't mark either; some have other systems than those even. How about a system that utilizes different approaches in different circumstances.

Let's say the language normally marks the possessum, but in transitive subjects marks the possessor.
John house-[poss] is big
We burned down John house-[poss] 
vs.
John-[gen] dog attacked us!

Let us imagine some further complications:

  1.  Transitive subjects possessing the objects: John built house-[poss] by himself
  2. Possessors of transitive subjects possessing the object as well: John-[gen] dog attacked cattle-[poss]
Alternatively we could turn it all around:
John house-[poss] is big ← with free word order this'd be cool
We burned down John-[gen] house
John dog-[poss] attacked us!
and turn the complications around as well, although getting a slightly weird thing:

  1. John-[gen] built house
  2. John dog-[poss] attacked cattle-[poss]? Joh-[gen] dog-[poss] attacked cattle?
The last option seems unnatural somehow, in a way the others don't quite.

Further, let's have -[poss] be identical to the instrumental marking in the language.

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