Monday, February 15, 2016

Sargaĺk: The Present Tense

Sargaĺk verb morphology, like its other morphology, is agglutinating. The person-number-gender markers are as follows:

1sg2sg3sg m3sg f1 pl2pl3pl m3pl f
Conjugation I-əi-i-ju-(ĺ)tua-(k)in-va-mu-nu
Conjugation II-i--i-(s)-i-u-n-n
Exceptional
Morphemes
-əta-ita-juta-suta-(k)in vs.
-sim




The difference between conjugations I and II depend on the position of the secondary stress in the verb; if it's on the person morpheme, the verb belongs to conjugation I, otherwise, it belongs to conjugation II. Normally, the stress sits on the first syllable, thus making the third syllable carry secondary stress. However, if the first syllable is closed, the second syllable carries stress, and the final syllable is reduced.

Sargaĺk has a handful of verbs that distinguish inclusive and exclusive first person in their verb forms. Here is an overview of some verbs and the forms that are used for the distinctions.
jarnap – to inherit
jarnakin = we (incl) inherit
jarnasim = we (excl) inherit
karb - to be forbidden to do
karkin = we (incl) are forbidden from doing
karsim = we (excl) are forbidden from doing
jesal - to be permitted to
jeslin (...)
jesim
vak'am - to gain from
vak'in
vak'sim
rosk'ir - to be related
rosk'in
ros:im
The exceptional morphemes for 1sg and 2sg provide forms for when the verb is ditransitive. The third person exceptional forms are only used when the object or the indirect object also has higher animacy.

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